Asosiy tarkibga o'tish

1.4-bo'lim : Trig tenglamalarini yechish

10. Kalkulyatordan foydalanmasdan \(\displaystyle \left[ { - \frac{\pi }{3},\frac{{4\pi }}{9}} \right]\) da bo'lgan \(\sqrt 3 \csc \left( {9z} \right) - 7 = - 5\) yechimini toping.

Yechim

Kosekantni (bir koeffitsient bilan) tenglamaning bir tomonida ajratib olish,

\[\csc \left( {9z} \right) = \frac{2}{{\sqrt 3 }}\]
2-qadam

Buning eng yaxshi usuli - kosekantning sinus bo'yicha ta'rifini esga olish va tenglamani sinus jihatidan qayta yozish, chunki bu bilan shug'ullanish osonroq bo'ladi. Shunday qilib,

\[\csc \left( {9z} \right) = \frac{1}{{\sin \left( {9z} \right)}} = \frac{2}{{\sqrt 3 }}\hspace{0.5in} \Rightarrow \hspace{0.5in} \sin \left( {9z} \right) = \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\]

Undagi sinusli tenglamaning yechim(lar)i undagi kosekantli tenglamaning yechim(lari) bilan bir xil, shuning uchun uning o‘rniga u bilan ishlaylik.

Ushbu nuqtada biz hozir sinus bilan shug'ullanmoqdamiz va biz \(y\) o'qi birlik doiradagi sinusni ifodalashini bilamiz. Shunday qilib, biz \(\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\) ning \(y\) koordinatasiga ega bo'lgan burchaklarni qidirmoqdamiz. Bu shuni anglatadiki, biz birinchi kvadrantda burchakka va ikkinchi kvadrantda burchakka ega bo'lamiz (buni topish uchun birinchi kvadrantdagi burchakdan foydalanishimiz mumkin). Mana bu holat uchun birlik doirasi.

A unit circle with the first quadrant angles \(\frac{\pi }{6}\), \(\frac{\pi }{4}\) and \(\frac{\pi }{3}\) drawn in and labeled with their coordinates.  Also drawn in is the angle \(\frac{{2\pi }}{3}\) in the second quadrant, and a horizontal dashed line joins the point where \(\frac{\pi }{3}\) meets the circle to the point where \(\frac{{2\pi }}{3}\) meets it, showing that the two angles have the same y-coordinate of \(\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\) and so the same sine value.

Shubhasiz, birinchi kvadrantdagi burchak \(\frac{\pi }{3}\) va ba'zi bir asosiy simmetriyaga ko'ra, ikkinchi burchak uchun terminal chizig'i yuqorida ko'rsatilgandek manfiy \(x\) o'qi bilan \(\frac{\pi }{3}\) burchak hosil qilishi kerakligini ko'rishimiz mumkin va shunday bo'ladi: \(\pi - \frac{\pi }{3} = \frac{{2\pi }}{3}\).

3-qadam

Ushbu bo'lim uchun eslatmalar muhokamasidan shuni bilamizki, biz ushbu ikki burchakka ega bo'lgach, ularning har biriga "\(n = 0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \ldots \) uchun \( + \,2\pi n\)" ni qo'shish orqali barcha mumkin bo'lgan burchaklarni olishimiz mumkin.

Bu shuni anglatadiki, bizda bo'lishi kerak,

\[9z = \frac{\pi }{3} + 2\pi n \hspace{0.5in} {\rm{OR }} \hspace{0.5in} 9z = \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + 2\pi n \hspace{0.5in} n = 0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \ldots \]

Nihoyat, tenglamaning barcha yechimlarini olish uchun ikkala tomonni 9 ga bo'lish kifoya.

\[z = \frac{\pi }{{27}} + \frac{{2\pi n}}{9} \hspace{0.5in} {\rm{OR }} \hspace{0.5in} z = \frac{{2\pi }}{{27}} + \frac{{2\pi n}}{9} \hspace{0.5in} n = 0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \ldots \]
4-qadam

E'tibor bering, hech bo'lmaganda ba'zi yechimlarning maxraji 27 ga teng bo'lganligi sababli, intervalni maxrajlari 27 bo'lgan kasrlar ko'rinishida yozish qulay bo'lishi mumkin.

\[\left[ { - \frac{\pi }{3},\frac{{4\pi }}{9}} \right] = \left[ { - \frac{{9\pi }}{{27}},\frac{{12\pi }}{{27}}} \right]\]

Ushbu shaklda yozilgan interval bilan, agar bizning potentsial yechimlarimiz maxraji 27 ga ega bo'lsa, biz qilishimiz kerak bo'lgan yagona narsa suratlarni solishtirishdir. Numeratorlar \( - 9\pi \) va \(12\pi \) o'rtasida bo'lsa, biz yechim oraliqda ekanligini bilib olamiz.

Shuningdek, \(n\) ning ma'lum qiymatlari uchun yechimni tez aniqlash uchun eritmalardagi ikkala kasrning maxrajlari 27 ga teng bo'lishi ancha oson bo'ladi. Shunday qilib, bu shaklda yozilgan yechimlar shunday bo'ladi.

\[z = \frac{\pi }{{27}} + \frac{{6\pi n}}{{27}} \hspace{0.5in} {\rm{OR }} \hspace{0.5in} z = \frac{{2\pi }}{{27}} + \frac{{6\pi n}}{{27}} \hspace{0.5in} n = 0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \ldots \]

Endi barcha echimlarni topamiz.

\[\begin{array}{llcl}{n = - 1:} & {z = - \frac{{5\pi }}{{27}}\,} & {\,\,\,{\rm{OR}}\,\,\,} & {z = - \frac{{4\pi }}{{27}}}\\ {n = 0:} & {z = \frac{\pi }{{27}}\,} & {\,\,\,{\rm{OR}}\,\,\,} & {z = \frac{{2\pi }}{{27}}}\\ {n = 1:} & {z = \frac{{7\pi }}{{27}}\,} & {\,\,\,{\rm{OR}}\,\,\,} & {z = \frac{{8\pi }}{{27}}}\end{array}\]

E'tibor bering, \(n\) ning har bir ortishi bilan biz avvalgi natijalardan yana bir \(\frac{{6\pi }}{{27}}\) ni qo'shdik/ayitardik (\(n\) belgisiga qarab) va tezkor tekshirish orqali biz \(6\pi \) ni \(n = 1\) numeratoriga qo'shish \(n\) ning numeratoriga qaraganda \(\frac{{6\pi }}{{27}}\) ni qo'shishni ko'rishimiz mumkin edi. oraliqdan tashqarida bo'lgan yechimlarga olib keladi. Xuddi shunday, \(6\pi \) ni \(n = - 1\) yechimlaridan ayirish \( - 9\pi \) dan kichikroq numeratorlarga olib keladi va shuning uchun echimlar intervaldan tashqarida bo'ladi. Shuning uchun, bu erda keltirilgan \(n\) qiymatlaridan o'tish uchun hech qanday sabab yo'q.

Demak, berilgan oraliqda bu tenglamaning oltita yechimi borga o‘xshaydi.

\[\require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{x = - \frac{{5\pi }}{{27}},\,\, - \frac{{4\pi }}{{27}},\,\,\frac{\pi }{{27}},\,\,\frac{{2\pi }}{{27}},\,\,\,\frac{{7\pi }}{{27}},\,\,\,\frac{{8\pi }}{{27}}}}\]