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16.4-bo'lim : Vektor maydonlarining chiziqli integrallari

3. \( \displaystyle \int\limits_{C}{{\vec F\centerdot d\vec r}}\) ni baholang, bu erda \(\vec F\left( {x,y} \right) = {y^2}\,\vec i + \left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\vec j\) va \(C\) \(y = {\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}\) ning \(x = 0\) dan \(x = 3\) gacha bo'lgan qismidir.

Yechim

Bu erda ko'rsatilgan muammo bayonotida ko'rsatilgan yo'nalish bilan \(C\) ning qisqacha eskizi.

A sketch of the curve \(C\).  It is the portion of the parabola \(y = {\left( {x - 1} \right)^2}\) from \(x = 0\) to \(x = 3\), and the arrows show that it is traveled in the direction of increasing \(x\), from \(\left( {0,1} \right)\) down through the vertex at \(\left( {1,0} \right)\) and up to \(\left( {3,4} \right)\).
2-qadam

Keyinchalik, egri chiziqni parametrlashimiz kerak.

\[\vec r\left( t \right) = \left\langle {t,{{\left( {t - 1} \right)}^2}} \right\rangle \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0 \le t \le 3\]
3-qadam

Ushbu chiziqli integralni baholash uchun bizga vektor maydonining nuqta mahsuloti (egri chiziq bo'ylab baholanadi) va parametrlashning hosilasi kerak bo'ladi.

Mana egri chiziq bo'ylab baholangan vektor maydoni (i.e. vektor maydoniga parametrlashdan \(x\) va \(y\) ni ulang).

\[\vec F\left( {\vec r\left( t \right)} \right) = {\left[ {{{\left( {t - 1} \right)}^2}} \right]^2}\,\vec i + \left( {{{\left( t \right)}^2} - 4} \right)\vec j = {\left( {t - 1} \right)^4}\,\vec i + \left( {{t^2} - 4} \right)\vec j\]

Parametrlashning hosilasi,

\[\vec r'\left( t \right) = \left\langle {1,2\left( {t - 1} \right)} \right\rangle \]

Nihoyat, vektor maydonining nuqta mahsuloti va parametrlashning hosilasi.

\[\begin{align*}\vec F\left( {\vec r\left( t \right)} \right)\centerdot \vec r'\left( t \right) & = {\left( {t - 1} \right)^4}\left( 1 \right) + \left( {{t^2} - 4} \right)\left( {2t - 2} \right)\\ & = {\left( {t - 1} \right)^4} + 2{t^3} - 2{t^2} - 8t + 8\end{align*}\]

Integralni bajarish uchun nuqta mahsulotini soddalashtirganingizga ishonch hosil qiling!

4-qadam

Endi biz qilishimiz kerak bo'lgan narsa - bu integralni baholash.

\[\begin{align*}\int\limits_{C}{{\vec F\centerdot d\vec r}} & = \int_{0}^{3}{{{{\left( {t - 1} \right)}^4} + 2{t^3} - 2{t^2} - 8t + 8\,dt}}\\ & = \left. {\left[ {\frac{1}{5}{{\left( {t - 1} \right)}^5} + \frac{1}{2}{t^4} - \frac{2}{3}{t^3} - 4{t^2} + 8t} \right]} \right|_0^3 = \require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{\frac{{171}}{{10}}}}\end{align*}\]