10.9-bo'lim : Mutlaq yaqinlashuv
3. Quyidagi qatorlar absolyut yaqinlashuvchimi, shartli yaqinlashuvchimi yoki divergentligini aniqlang.
\[\sum\limits_{n = 3}^\infty {\frac{{{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^{n + 1}}\left( {n + 1} \right)}}{{{n^3} + 1}}} \]Yechim
Xo'sh, keling, seriyalar shartlariga mutlaq qiymat qo'ysak, birinchi navbatda ketma-ketlik yaqinlashadimi yoki yo'qmi, bilib olaylik.
\[\sum\limits_{n = 3}^\infty {\left| {\frac{{{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^{n + 1}}\left( {n + 1} \right)}}{{{n^3} + 1}}} \right|} = \sum\limits_{n = 3}^\infty {\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^3} + 1}}} \]Biz \(p\) seriyali test orqali bilamizki, quyidagi seriyalar birlashadi.
\[\sum\limits_{n = 3}^\infty {\frac{1}{{{n^2}}}} \]Agar biz quyidagi chegarani hisoblasak,
\[c = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left[ {\frac{{n + 1}}{{{n^3} + 1}}\,\frac{{{n^2}}}{1}} \right] = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left[ {\frac{{{n^3} + {n^2}}}{{{n^3} + 1}}\,} \right] = 1\]Biz Limit taqqoslash testi orqali bilamizki, bu masaladagi ikkita qator bir xil yaqinlashuvga ega, chunki \(c\) na nol, na cheksizdir va \(\sum\limits_{n = 3}^\infty {\frac{1}{{{n^2}}}} \) yaqinlashadi, chunki biz muammo bayonotidagi qatorlar ham yaqinlashishi kerakligini bilamiz.
2-qadam
Shunday qilib, mutlaq qiymatga ega bo'lgan qatorlar yaqinlashganligi sababli, muammo bayonotidagi qator ekanligini bilamiz mutlaqo konvergent.