Asosiy tarkibga o'tish

3.11-bo'lim : Tegishli tariflar

9. Erdan 5 metr balandlikdagi devorga chiroq o'rnatilgan. 2 metr balandlikdagi odam dastlab devordan 10 metr masofada joylashgan va devorga 0,5 m / sek tezlikda harakat qilmoqda. 4 soniya harakatlanishdan keyin soyaning uchi harakatlanadi (a) shaxsga qarab yoki undan uzoqda va (b) devorga qarab yoki undan uzoqdami?

A sketch of the lamp, the person and the shadow.  The lamp is mounted at the top of a wall of height 5 on the left, the person is a vertical line of height 2 to the right of the wall with an arrow showing them walking to the left towards the wall, and the light ray from the lamp passes over the person’s head and hits the ground to the right of the person.  The shadow is the darkened portion of the ground from the person out to that point.
Yechim

Mana bu vaziyatning eskizi ikkala qism uchun ham ishlaydi, shuning uchun biz uni shu yerga joylashtiramiz. Shuni ham yodda tutingki, biz ikkala qism uchun \({x'_p} = - 0.5\) ni bilamiz.

A sketch of the lamp, the person and the shadow.  The lamp is mounted on the wall 5 units above the ground on the left, the person is a vertical line of height 2 to the right of the wall with an arrow showing them moving towards the wall, and the light ray from the lamp passes over the person’s head and hits the ground to the right of the person.  The distance from the wall to the person is labeled \({x_p}\), the length of the shadow is labeled \({x_s}\) and the total distance from the wall to the tip of the shadow is labeled \(x\).


a 4 soniya harakat qilgandan so'ng, soyaning uchi odamga qarab yoki undan uzoqdami?
2-qadam

Bunday holda, biz \({x'_s}\) ni \({x_p} = 10 - 4\left( {0.5} \right) = 8\) qachon aniqlamoqchimiz (garchi bu muammo uchun bizga bu ma'lumot kerak emasligi aniq bo'lsa ham...).

Quyidagi tenglamani olish uchun o'xshash uchburchaklar g'oyasidan foydalanishimiz mumkin.

\[\frac{2}{5} = \frac{{{x_s}}}{x} = \frac{{{x_s}}}{{{x_p} + {x_s}}}\]

Agar biz buni \({x_s}\) uchun hal qilsak, biz shunday qilamiz,

\[\begin{array}{lr}{\textstyle{2 \over 5}}\left( {{x_p} + {x_s}} \right) = {x_s} & \\ {\textstyle{2 \over 5}}{x_p} + {\textstyle{2 \over 5}}{x_s} = {x_s} & \hspace{0.5in} \Rightarrow \hspace{0.5in}{x_s} = {\textstyle{2 \over 3}}{x_p}\end{array}\]

Bu tenglama biz uchun mukammal ishlaydi.

3-qadam

\(t\) ga nisbatan farqlash bizga,

\[{x'_s} = {\textstyle{2 \over 3}}{x'_p}\]
4-qadam

Ushbu muammoni hal qilish juda oddiy, chunki bizga ma'lum tezlikni ulash kifoya.

\[{x'_s} = {\textstyle{2 \over 3}}\left( { - 0.5} \right) = - {\textstyle{1 \over 3}}\]

Bu tezlik manfiy bo'lgani uchun biz soyaning uchi \({\textstyle{1 \over 3}}\) m/s tezlikda odam tomon harakatlanayotganini ko'rishimiz mumkin.



b 4 soniya harakat qilgandan so'ng, soyaning uchi devorga qarab yoki undan uzoqroqmi?
2-qadam

Bu holda biz \(x'\) ni aniqlamoqchimiz va tenglama juda oddiy. Bizga kerak bo'lgan yagona narsa,

\[x = {x_p} + {x_s}\]
3-qadam

\(t\) ga nisbatan farqlash bizga,

\[x' = {x'_p} + {x'_s}\]
4-qadam

Ushbu muammoni hal qilish juda oddiy, chunki biz qilishimiz kerak bo'lgan narsa ma'lum tezliklarni ulash va bu erda birinchi qismdan natija olishimiz kerakligini unutmang. Shunday qilib, bizda muammo bayonotidan \({x'_p} = - {\textstyle{1 \over 2}}\) va oldingi qismdan \({x'_s} = - {\textstyle{1 \over 3}}\) mavjud.

\[x' = - {\textstyle{1 \over 2}} + \left( { - {\textstyle{1 \over 3}}} \right) = - {\textstyle{5 \over 6}}\]

Bu tezlik manfiy bo'lgani uchun biz soyaning uchi \({\textstyle{5 \over 6}}\) m/s tezlikda devorga qarab harakatlanayotganini ko'rishimiz mumkin.