Asosiy tarkibga o'tish

3.11-bo'lim : Tegishli tariflar

10. Konus shaklidagi suv idishi 12 m tezlikda suv bilan to'ldirilmoqda.3/sek. Tankning tayanch radiusi 26 metr, balandligi esa 8 metr. Suv tepasining radiusi 10 metr bo'lganda, idishdagi suvning chuqurligi qanday tezlikda o'zgaradi?

A sketch of the cone shaped tank as seen from the front, with the point of the cone at the bottom.  The tank is wide and shallow, with the radius of the top of the tank labeled 26 meters and the height of the tank labeled 8 meters.  Water fills the bottom portion of the cone and the surface of the water is a smaller circle part way up the tank.
Yechim

Mana, tankning ko'ndalang kesimining eskizi va uni masofadan o'lchash ham mumkin emas, chunki men atrofida yotgan eski tasvirni qayta ishlatishni osonlashtirdim. Men ba'zida biroz dangasa bo'lishim mumkin. Hech bo'lmaganda men muammo bayonotidagi tasvir bilan kamroq dangasa bo'ldim….

A sketch of the cross section of the cone shaped tank, which is not to scale.  The tank is a triangle with its point at the bottom, the radius of the top labeled 26 and the height labeled 8.  The water in the bottom of the tank is shaded in, the depth of the water is labeled \(h\) and the radius of the surface of the water is labeled \(r\).

Biz \(r = 10\) qachon \(h'\) ni aniqlamoqchimiz va biz \(V' = 12\) ekanligini bilamiz.

2-qadam

Bizga konusning hajmi uchun tenglama kerak bo'ladi.

\[V = {\textstyle{1 \over 3}}\pi {r^2}h\]

Ammo bu muammo, chunki unda \(r\) ham, \(h\) ham mavjud va faqat \(h\) bo'lsa yaxshi bo'lardi, chunki bizga \(h'\) kerak. Buni tuzatish uchun shunga o'xshash uchburchaklardan foydalanishimiz mumkin. Shunga o'xshash uchburchaklar asosida biz \(r\) uchun echilishi mumkin bo'lgan quyidagi tenglamani olamiz.

\[\frac{r}{h} = \frac{{26}}{8}\hspace{0.5in} \Rightarrow \hspace{0.5in}r = {\textstyle{{13} \over 4}}h\]

Buni hajm tenglamasiga kiritish,

\[V = {\textstyle{{169} \over {48}}}\pi {h^3}\]
3-qadam

Keling, buni \(t\) bilan farqlaylik.

\[V' = {\textstyle{{169} \over {16}}}\pi {h^2}h'\]
4-qadam

Bu muammoni yakunlash uchun bizni qiziqtirgan vaqt uchun \(h\) qiymatini aniqlash kifoya. Buni o'xshash uchburchak tenglamasidan va biz \(r = 10\)ni bilishimizdan osonlik bilan amalga oshirish mumkin.

\[h = {\textstyle{4 \over {13}}}r = {\textstyle{4 \over {13}}}\left( {10} \right) = {\textstyle{{40} \over {13}}}\]

Suv balandligining o'zgarish tezligi u holda,

\[12 = {\textstyle{{169} \over {16}}}\pi {\left( {{\textstyle{{40} \over {13}}}} \right)^2}h' = 100\pi h'\hspace{0.5in} \Rightarrow \hspace{0.5in}\require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{h' = {\textstyle{3 \over {25\pi }}}}}\]