Asosiy tarkibga o'tish

4.4-bo'lim : Giperbolalar

3. Quyidagi giperbolaning grafigini chizing.

\[3{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2} - \frac{{{{\left( {y + 1} \right)}^2}}}{2} = 1\]
Yechim

Bu erda birinchi qadam bizning tenglamamizni giperbolaning standart shakli bilan solishtirish va barcha muhim ma'lumotlarni aniqlashdir. Malumot uchun bu erda bizda mavjud bo'lgan giperbolaning standart shakli keltirilgan.

\[\frac{{{{\left( {x - h} \right)}^2}}}{{{a^2}}} - \frac{{{{\left( {y - k} \right)}^2}}}{{{b^2}}} = 1\]

Taqqoslashda yordam berish uchun keling, tenglamamiz standart shaklga o'xshash bo'lishi uchun uni biroz qayta yozamiz.

\[\frac{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\frac{1}{3}}} - \frac{{{{\left( {y + 1} \right)}^2}}}{2} = 1\]

\(a\) va \(b\) ni to'g'ri aniqlash uchun raqamlar maxrajda bo'lishi kerak. Shunday qilib, biz birinchi hadning sonidan 3 ni maxrajdagi 1/3 ga ko'chirishimiz kerak edi.

Bizning tenglamamizni bu bilan solishtirsak, biz quyidagi ma'lumotlarga ega ekanligimizni ko'rishimiz mumkin.

\[h = 1\hspace{0.25in}k = - 1\hspace{0.25in}a = \sqrt {\frac{1}{3}} = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\hspace{0.25in}b = \sqrt 2 \]

\(a\) va \(b\) da kvadrat ildizlar haqida hayajonlanmang. Ular vaqti-vaqti bilan hozir bo'lishadi va shuning uchun biz ular bilan shug'ullanishimiz kerak. Bundan tashqari, muammoni hal qilishni biroz osonlashtirish uchun biz surat (hisoblash juda oson) va maxrajning kvadrat ildizini olib, \(a\) ni soddalashtirdik.

\(x\) atamasi ijobiy atama bo'lgani uchun biz bilamizki, bu giperbola o'ngga va chapga ochiladi.

2-qadam

Birinchi bosqichda topilgan ma'lumotlar bilan biz giperbolaning markazi \(\left( {1, - 1} \right)\) ekanligini ko'rishimiz mumkin.

Giperbolaning uchlari: \(\left( {1 - \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}, - 1} \right) = \left( {0.4226, - 1} \right)\) va \(\left( {1 + \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}, - 1} \right) = \left( {1.5774, - 1} \right)\).

Ikki asimptotaning tenglamalari:

\[y = - 1 + \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{{{}^{1}/{}_{{\sqrt 3 }}}}\left( {x - 1} \right) = \sqrt 6 \,x - \sqrt 6 - 1\hspace{0.25in}y = - 1 - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{{{}^{1}/{}_{{\sqrt 3 }}}}\left( {x - 1} \right) = - \sqrt 6 \,x + \sqrt 6 - 1\]

Bu holda asimptotlar kvadrat ildizlar tufayli biz ko'rganimizdan biroz chalkashroqdir, lekin ular hamma qatorlar kabi ishlaydi. Faqatgina farq shundaki, raqamlar shunchaki chalkashroq.

Shuni ham yodda tutingki, biz qiyaliklarni quyidagicha soddalashtirdik,

\[\frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{{{}^{1}/{}_{{\sqrt 3 }}}} = \sqrt 2 \,\,\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{1} = \sqrt {2\left( 3 \right)} = \sqrt 6 \]
3-qadam

Mana, yuqorida topilgan nuqtalar va asimptotalarni o'z ichiga olgan giperbolaning eskizi.

The graph of the hyperbola \(3{\left( {x - 1} \right)^2} - \frac{{{{\left( {y + 1} \right)}^2}}}{2} = 1\).  It is centered at \(\left( {1, - 1} \right)\) and opens left and right with vertices at \(\left( {1 - \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}, - 1} \right)\) and \(\left( {1 + \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}, - 1} \right)\), both of which are marked and labeled.  The two blue dashed asymptotes cross at the center and are labeled \(y = \sqrt 6 x - \sqrt 6 - 1\) and \(y = - \sqrt 6 x + \sqrt 6 - 1\), and because the vertices are so close together the two branches turn upward and downward very quickly.